Black Europe and a Contested European Union

Abstract

ABSTRACT: European nations have several things in common, such as notions of geography, religion and race, they also have differences, such as their historical relationship to colonialism, and the constitutional arrangements prevalent in each nation-state. Each of these differences in turn can have a significant impact on the possibilities and the constraints for political mobilization and social mobility of Black Europeans within member states. The European Union (EU) is also a contested project in which multiple ‘stakeholders’ compete or cooperate to defend or advance their position and status within it. The stakeholders include nations, states, political parties, ethnic groups, religious groups, and social and civil movements, each of which has differential access to political power, and to economic and cultural resources. 

KEYWORDS: Black Europe, European Union, Populism, Nativism, Social movements